SCH4U - Chemistry 12 (2024-25) - A

Summary

• Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds
• Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of only hydrogen and carbon
• Organic compounds can be represented by molecular formulas, structural formulas, condensed structural formulas and line-angle formulas
• In line-angle formulas, there is a carbon represented at the end of every line and at the intersection of every line, every carbon is surrounded by the maximum number of hydrogen atoms
• Aromatic hydrocarbons are a special type of cyclic hydrocarbon in which the electrons involved in the double bonds are shared equally among the carbon atoms that make up the ring
• Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms
• Structural isomers have the same formula but the atoms or groups of atoms are bonded in different orders
• Stereoisomers have the same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atoms in 3-D space differ
• The structural differences between two isomers causes noticeable and quantifiable changes in the properties of each isomer